Download CBSE NCERT Books Class 12 Mathematics PDF

Chapter 1: Relations and Functions: Relations and Functions in Mathematics for Class 12 familiarizes students with the various relations and functions. It makes them aware of how to use graphs to represent and understand the function. This chapter forms a solid foundation for the more advanced concepts of Calculus and Algebra.

Chapter 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions: In the topic of Inverse Trigonometric Functions of CBSE Class 12, there are two exercises dealing with domain and range of restrictions in trigonometric functions. It helps students gain knowledge about inverse functions and their graphing. There is high importance of inverse trigonometric functions in calculus as they are used in the formation of different integrals.

Chapter 3: Matrices: This chapter includes simple matrix calculations including matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication, and scalar multiplication. Such ideas have many applications in computer graphics, quantum mechanics, and economics. Also, matrices can be useful when solving the system of linear equations systematically and easily.

 Chapter 4: Determinant: This chapter has six exercises for students which include important ideas such as determinants, cofactors, minors, and the adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. In addition to this, the determinant is used in finding the area of a triangle.

Chapter 5: Continuity and Differentiability: Continuity and differentiability provide students knowledge about function behavior, where they are smooth and where they have abrupt changes. This is one of the basic concepts in Calculus and forms the basis of limits, differentiation, and integration, which is further used in physics, engineering, and economics.

Chapter 6: Applications of derivatives: This chapter provides you with the use of derivatives in various fields like science and engineering. The chapter will give you knowledge on how to determine the rate of change of quantities and equations of tangents and normals to a curve. This chapter will help you find increasing/decreasing functions and their maxima and minima values.

Chapter 7: Integration: Integration is applied in finding the area beneath the curve. This is very helpful in disciplines like physics, engineering, and economics. This is because integration can be applied in calculating displacement, velocity, acceleration, distance traveled, work done, and profit. Definite integrals are applied in obtaining the exact value of the above quantities.

Chapter 8: Application of Integrals: In this chapter, we shall learn how to apply integration in finding the area beneath the simple curve and the area bounded by lines and curves in the form of circles, parabolas, and ellipses. There are two exercises that help you practice finding the area bounded by these curves.

Chapter 9: Differential Equations: The main topics covered in differential equations are basics of differential equations, general and particular solutions, and formation of differential equations. Other topics are the techniques used in solving first-order, first-degree equations and its applications in different fields.

Chapter 10: Three-Dimensional Geometry: The main topics covered in three-dimensional geometry are direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Other topics include the equations of lines and planes in space, the angles between them, the shortest distance between two skew lines, and the distance of a point from a plane.

Chapter 11: Linear Programming: There are two exercises in this chapter that teach how to solve linear programming questions using the graphical method. The chapter also discusses the topics of objective function, optimization, constraints, feasible region, and infeasible region for various types of linear programming questions.

Chapter 12: Probability: You will learn about conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, the multiplication rule of probability, and independent events. You will also study random variables, probability distributions, mean and variance, the total probability theorem, Bernoulli trials, and the binomial distribution

You will also learn how derivatives help find increasing and decreasing functions, as well as maximum and minimum values.